1、 Common module import

import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.mlab as mlab
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

2、 Solve the problem of abnormal display

Chinese random code

myfont =  fm.FontProperties (fname = font file path)

The negative sign is shown as a square

matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False

3、 Line chart

Generating data

x =  np.linspace - np.pi , np.pi , 256, endpoint = true) ා take 256 points equidistant from - π to π
Y_ cos, y_ sin =  np.cos (x),  np.sin (x) COS and sin values of X corresponding to ා

Initialize canvas

plt.figure (figsize = (8,6), DPI = 80) # figsize defines the canvas size, and DPI defines the canvas resolution
plt.title ("simple line chart", fontproperties = myfont) ා set the title, Chinese needs to specify the font
plt.grid (true) ා show grid

Set axis

#Set X axis
plt.xlabel ("X-axis", fontproperties = myfont) ා axis label
plt.xlim (- 4.0, 4.0) × axis range
plt.xticks ( np.linspace (- 4, 4, 9, endpoint = true)) # axis scale

#Set Y axis
plt.ylabel ("Y-axis", fontproperties = myfont)
plt.ylim(-1.0, 1.0)
plt.yticks(np.linspace(-1, 1, 9, endpoint=True))

Drawing data

There are several types of lines: “G + -“, “R * -“, “B. -“, and “yo -“. The first character represents the color, the second character represents the node style, and the third character represents the line style

plt.plot (x, y_ COS, "B --", linewidth = 2.0, label = cos example ") ා the first two parameters are coordinate values, the third parameter is line type, linewidth is line width, and label is legend text
plt.plot (x, y_ Sin, "G -", linewidth = 2.0, label = sin example ")

Set legend

plt.legend (LOC = upper left ", prop = myfont, shadow = true) # LOC can be a combination of upper, lower and left, right, center

graphic display

plt.show()

Area map

plt.fill_between(x, -1, y_sin, where=True, color="blue", alpha=0.25)
plt.show()

3-D line chart

#Generate test data
x = np.linspace(0, 1, 1000)
y = np.linspace(0, 1, 1000)
z = np.sin(x * 2 * np.pi) / (y + 0.1)

#Generate canvas (two forms)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection="3d",)
# ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d",)

#Draw 3-D line chart
ax.plot(x, y, z, color="red", linestyle="-")

#Set axis Icon
ax.set_xlabel("X Label")
ax.set_ylabel("Y Label")
ax.set_zlabel("Z Label")

#Graphic display
plt.show()

4、 Bar chart

Generating data

#Generate test data
means_men = np.array((20, 35, 30, 35, 27))
means_women = np.array((25, 32, 34, 20, 25))

Initialize canvas

plt.figure (figsize = (8,6), DPI = 80) # figsize defines the canvas size, and DPI defines the canvas resolution
plt.title ("simple histogram", fontproperties = myfont) ා set the title, and Chinese needs to specify the font
plt.grid (true) ා show grid

Set axis

index = np.arange(len(means_men)) [0,1,2,3,4]
bar_ Height = 0.35 ᦇ column width
plt.xlim (0, 45) ා axis range
plt.xlabel ("scores") axis label
plt.ylabel("Group")
plt.yticks (index + (bar_ Height / 2), ("a", "B", "C", "d", "e")) # axis scale

Drawing data

#Draw a horizontal bar chart
plt.barh(index, means_men, height=bar_height, alpha=0.2, color="b", label="Men")
plt.barh(index + bar_height, means_women, height=bar_height, alpha=0.8, color="r", label="Women")

Set legend

plt.legend(loc="upper right", shadow=True)

Display data values

for i, v in zip(index, means_men):
    plt.text(v + 0.3, i, v, ha="left", va="center")
for i, v in zip(index, means_women):
    plt.text(v + 0.3, i + bar_height, v, ha="left", va="center")

graphic display

plt.show()

Vertical column chart

Set the axis, X and Y swap

index = np.arange(len(means_men)) [0,1,2,3,4]
bar_ Height = 0.35 ᦇ column width
plt.ylim(0, 45)
plt.ylabel("Scores")
plt.xlabel("Group")
plt.xticks(index + (bar_height / 2), ("A", "B", "C", "D", "E"))

Drawing data

#Draw vertical bar chart
plt.bar(index-bar_height/2, means_men, width=bar_height, alpha=0.4, color="b", label="Men")
plt.bar(index+bar_height/2, means_women, width=bar_height, alpha=0.4, color="r", label="Women")

graphic display

plt.show()

stacked column chart

#Generate test data
data = np.array([
    [1, 4, 2, 5, 2],
    [2, 1, 1, 3, 6],
    [5, 3, 6, 4, 1]
])

#Set title
plt.title ("hierarchical histogram", fontproperties = myfont)

#Set related parameters
index = np.arange(len(data[0]))
color_index = ["r", "g", "b"]

#Declaration bottom position
bottom = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

#Draw in turn and update the bottom position
for i in range(len(data)):
    plt.bar (index, data[i], width=0.5, color=color_ Index [i], bottom = bottom, alpha = 0.7, label = label% d "% I)
    bottom += data[i]

#Set legend location
plt.legend(loc="upper left", prop=myfont, shadow=True)

#Graphic display
plt.show()

histogram

#Generate test data
mu, sigma = 100, 15
x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn(10000)

#Set title
plt.title ("histogram", fontproperties = myfont)

#Draw a histogram and return the relevant results
n, bins, patches =  plt.hist (x, bins = 50, density = 1, cumulative = false, color = green, alpha = 0.6, label = histogram)

## draw a line chart according to the results returned from the histogram
y = mlab.normpdf(bins, mu, sigma)
plt.plot (bins, y, "R --", label = line)

#Set legend location
plt.legend(loc="upper left", prop=myfont, shadow=True)

#Graphic display
plt.show()

3-D column chart

#Generate test data (location data)
xpos = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
ypos = [2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 6, 2, 1, 7, 2]
zpos = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

#Generate test data (cylindrical parameters)
dx = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
dy = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
dz = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

#Generate canvas (two forms)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection="3d",)

#Set axis Icon
ax.set_xlabel("X Label")
ax.set_ylabel("Y Label")
ax.set_zlabel("Z Label")

#Draw a three-dimensional histogram
ax.bar3d(xpos, ypos, zpos, dx, dy, dz, alpha=0.5)

#Graphic display
plt.show()

5、 Pie chart

Generating data

#Generate test data
Sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10] ා value
Labels = ["frogs", "Chinese", "dogs", "logs"] #
Colors = ["yellowgreen", "gold", "lightskyblue", "lightcore"] #

Initialize canvas

plt.figure (figsize = (8,6), DPI = 80) # figsize defines the canvas size, and DPI defines the canvas resolution
plt.title ("simple pie chart", fontproperties = myfont) ා set the title, and Chinese needs to specify the font

Set sector offset value

explode = [0, 0.05, 0, 0]

Drawing data

patches, l_ text, p_ text =  plt.pie (sizes, expand = expand, labels = labels, colors = colors, autopct =% 1.1f%% ", shadow = true, startangle = 90) # autopct sets the format of display percentage, and startangle sets the image rotation direction
for text in l_text:
    text.set_ Fontproperties (myfont) ා set font to avoid Chinese garbled code

graphic display

plt.show()

6、 Scatter plot

Generating data

N = 1000
x = np.random.randn(N)
y = x + np.random.randn(N)*0.5

Initialize canvas

plt.figure (figsize = (8,6), DPI = 80) # figsize defines the canvas size, and DPI defines the canvas resolution
plt.title ("simple scatter chart", fontproperties = myfont) ා set the title, and Chinese needs to specify the font

Drawing data

plt.scatter (x, y, s = 5, C = red ", marker:" O ") ා s is the size of the point, C is the color of the point, and marker is the shape of the point

graphic display

plt.show()

3-D scatter plot

#Generate test data
x = np.random.random(100)
y = np.random.random(100)
z = np.random.random(100)
color = np.random.random(100)
scale = np.random.random(100) * 100

#Generate canvas (two forms)
fig = plt.figure()
fig.suptitle ("3-D scatter plot", fontproperties = myfont)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d")

#Set axis Icon
ax.set_xlabel("X Label")
ax.set_ylabel("Y Label")
ax.set_zlabel("Z Label")

#Set axis range
ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
ax.set_zlim(0, 1)

#Draw 3-D scatter plot
ax.scatter(x, y, z, s=scale, c=color, marker=".")

#Graphic display
plt.show()

7、 Radar chart

Generating data

labels =  np.array (["group a", "group B", "group C", "group D", "Group E", "Group F"])
data = np.array([68, 83, 90, 77, 89, 73])
theta =  np.linspace (0, 2 *  np.pi , len (data), endpoint = false) # the angle value of each dimension

Initialize canvas

plt.subplot (111, polar = true) ා 3 numbers, the first two digits indicate the canvas is divided into several lines and columns, and the last two digits indicate where the flowers are placed
plt.title ("radar chart", fontproperties = myfont)

Set axis

plt.ylim (0, 100) ා axis range

Drawing data

plt.thetagrids(theta * (180 / np.pi), labels=labels, fontproperties=myfont)

graphic display

plt.show()

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